The IMO 2020 Low Sulfur Regulation, enacted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to reduce air pollution in international shipping, has introduced significant limitations on the sulfur content used in ship fuels. This regulation aims to reduce the environmental impact of the maritime sector on a global scale.
IMO 2020 Low Sulfur Regulation
As of January 1, 2020, the sulfur content of fuels used by internationally trading vessels must be 0.50% (m/m) or lower. This limit represents a significant reduction from the previously applied 3.50% sulfur limit.
The regulation was implemented to improve air quality, reduce acid rain, and minimize adverse effects on human health.
Compliance Options
Ship operators can utilize various technical and operational options to comply with the IMO 2020 regulation. The main compliance methods are summarized below:
Use of VLSFO (Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil)
VLSFO is a fuel type with a sulfur content below 0.50%. It is one of the most commonly preferred methods for compliance with the IMO 2020 regulation as it can be used without significant technical modifications to existing ship machinery.
Use of LSGO (Low Sulphur Gas Oil)
LSGO is a fuel type with lower sulfur content, particularly preferred during port operations and maneuvering. It contributes to reducing environmental impacts through its clean combustion properties.
Scrubber System Installation
Exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) allow ships to continue using high sulfur content fuel while ensuring that sulfur oxides from the exhaust are reduced below limit values. Scrubber systems can be open-loop, closed-loop, or hybrid types.
Use of LNG Fuel
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) stands out as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel due to its low emission values. Ships using LNG naturally comply with the IMO 2020 regulation in terms of sulfur emissions.
Operational and Technical Assessment
The choice of IMO 2020 compliance method should be determined considering the ship type, operation area, technical infrastructure, and cost-benefit analysis. Each method has its own unique advantages and operational requirements.